Bacterial DNA and Lipopolysaccharide Induce Synergistic Production of TNF-α Through a Post-Transcriptional Mechanism

Propylene-Glycol Aggravates LPS-Induced Sepsis through Production of TNF-α and IL-6

Background : Propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol, PG) is a commonly used solvent for oral, intravenous, as well as topical pharmaceutical preparations. While PG is generally considered to be safe, it has been known that large intravenous doses given over a short period of time can be toxic. Objective: To evaluate the effect of PG in sepsis induced by the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LP...

Bacterial DNA and Lipopolysaccharide

Acidosis downregulates leptin production from cultured adipocytes through a glucose transport-dependent post-transcriptional mechanism.

Metabolic acidosis, a common feature of uremia, has a well documented wasting effect on skeletal muscle. In contrast, the effect of metabolic acidosis on adipose tissue is unknown. Serum levels of the adipocyte hormone leptin have been shown to be lower in acidotic uremic rats when compared with uremic controls. This study investigated the effect of acidosis on leptin protein secretion and lept...

Production of TNF-α in macrophages activated by T cells, compared with lipopolysaccharide, uses distinct IL-10-dependent regulatory mechanism.

Previously, we demonstrated that spontaneous TNF-α production by macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue is largely driven by contact-dependent activation with T cells in that tissue. Whereas abundant IL-10 is present in these RA synovial cultures, it does not adequately control the production of TNF-α. In this study, we have compared the mechanisms involved in IL-10-mediated T...

Ceramide and ceramide 1-phosphate are negative regulators of TNF-α production induced by lipopolysaccharide.

LPS is a constituent of cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria that, acting through the CD14/TLR4 receptor complex, causes strong proinflammatory activation of macrophages. In murine peritoneal macrophages and J774 cells, LPS at 1-2 ng/ml induced maximal TNF-α and MIP-2 release, and higher LPS concentrations were less effective, which suggested a negative control of LPS action. While studying the...